Allah Most High says, which means:
O you who have believed, avoid much [negative] assumption. Indeed, some assumption is sin. And do not spy or backbite each other. Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead? You would detest it. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is Accepting of repentance and Merciful.
[Quran, Al Hujurat 49:12]
Backbiting is prohibited most severely and harshly because it is not defended. Generally the ball keeps rolling, and more and more people get involved. It is necessary for the general body of Muslims to defend their fellow Muslim, if possible, when people speak ill of him in his absence. If that is not possible, they should at least abstain from listening to it, because listening to it willfully and intentionally is like backbiting itself.
The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, "Backbiting is worse than adultery. The noble Companions inquired: 'How so, Messenger of Allah?' He replied: 'A person may commit fornication, repent of it and his sin is forgiven. But the sin of backbiting is not forgiven unless the injured party forgives."' [Tirmidhi & Abu Dawood]
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "During the Night of Ascension, I saw a group of people who were scratching their chests and faces with their copper nails. I asked, 'Who are these people, O Jibril?' Jibril replied: 'Those are the people who ate flesh of others (by backbiting) and trampled people's honor."' [Abu Dawood]
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